Exactly-once semantics on at-least-once infrastructure
Exactly-once delivery is impossible at the transport layer. The pattern that gives you the semantics anyway: at-least-once delivery plus an idempotent writer.
4 articles
Exactly-once delivery is impossible at the transport layer. The pattern that gives you the semantics anyway: at-least-once delivery plus an idempotent writer.
A model scores 92% on MMLU — but did it learn the concepts or memorize the answers? Four detection strategies, from first principles.
LLM-as-a-judge from first principles — when to use it, how to design rubrics, the three biases that skew scores, and when to use something simpler.
Why ClickHouse queries billions of rows in milliseconds — columnar storage, compression, and the MergeTree engine explained from first principles.